What is the reservoir for West Nile virus?
Reservoir: Birds are the primary reservoirs for WNV. 5. Source: Infective mosquito. WNV is also transmitted through WNV-infected blood products and organ tissue, and also potentially transplacentally and through blood screening.
Are humans a natural reservoir for West Nile virus?
West Nile fever is caused by the West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus and a human, equine, and avian neuropathogen. Birds are the natural reservoir host, and the virus is maintained in nature in a mosquito-bird-mosquito transmission cycle. The virus has also been isolated from dogs.
Where did West Nile virus come from?
WNV was first isolated in 1937 from a woman in the West Nile district in Uganda. It is currently the arbovirus with the widest geographic distribution and can be found in parts of North and South America, Africa, Europe, Asia and Oceania.
What is the natural transmission cycle of West Nile virus?
Print. When a mosquito bites an infected bird, the virus enters the mosquito’s bloodstream and eventually moves into its salivary glands. When an infected mosquito bites an animal or a human (host), the virus is passed into the host’s bloodstream, where it may cause serious illness.
Where is West Nile virus found?
WNV is commonly found in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, North America and West Asia. WNV is maintained in nature in a cycle involving transmission between birds and mosquitoes.
What is the reservoir for yellow fever?
Sylvatic (or jungle) yellow fever: In tropical rainforests, monkeys, which are the primary reservoir of yellow fever, are bitten by wild mosquitoes of the Aedes and Haemogogus species, which pass the virus on to other monkeys.
Are birds reservoirs for West Nile?
Birds are the natural host and reservoir of WNV. Although other animals are susceptible to WNV infection, only birds develop a high enough virus load to transmit the infection to an uninfected mosquito.
Who first isolated West Nile virus?
WN virus was first isolated in the WN province of Uganda in 1937 (7). The first recorded epidemics were reported in Israel in the 1950s (8,9) and in Europe in 1962 (1).
What is a vector of chikungunya?
Chikungunya virus is primarily transmitted to people through the bite of an infected mosquito, mainly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.
Where did yellow fever originate from?
Yellow fever virus originated in Africa and was brought to the western hemisphere during the slave trade era, with the first epidemic reported in 1648 in the Yucatan. Over the ensuing 200 years, outbreaks occurred widely in tropical America, the North American coastal cities, and Europe.
What animals can get West Nile virus?
West Nile virus (WNV) primarily affects birds, but can also be infect bats, horses, cats, dogs, chipmunks, skunks, squirrels, domestic rabbits, alligators and humans. How can my animal get West Nile fever? WNV is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito (vector).
Do all mosquitoes carry West Nile virus?
No. Even in areas where the virus is circulating, very few mosquitoes are infected with the virus. Even if the mosquito is infected, less than 1% of people who get bitten and become infected will get severely ill.
Is West Nile airborne?
West Nile virus is not spread: Through coughing, sneezing, or touching. By touching live animals. From handling live or dead infected birds.
Where is West Nile virus most common?
West Nile Virus (WNV) can cause neurological disease and death in people. WNV is commonly found in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, North America and West Asia.
Why is it called West Nile?
West Nile virus is named after the West Nile district of Uganda where the virus was first isolated in 1937. Outbreaks of the West Nile illness have occurred in Egypt, Asia, Israel, South Africa, and parts of Europe and Australia.
What is the scientific name for West Nile virus?
West Nile Virus (Flaviviridae)☆ West Nile virus (WNV, Flaviviridae; Flavivirus) is currently the most widely distributed arbovirus in the world.
How does the West Nile virus spread Who is at risk of becoming ill from West Nile virus quizlet?
West Nile virus is most commonly spread to people by the bite of an infected mosquito. Mosquitoes become infected when they feed on infected birds. Infected mosquitoes then spread West Nile virus to people and other animals by biting them.
Where did chikungunya virus come from?
Chikungunya virus was first identified in Tanzania in 1952 and for the following ~50 years was isolated and caused occasional outbreaks in Africa and Asia. Since 2004, chikungunya has spread rapidly and been identified in over 60 countries throughout Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas.
What is the source of chikungunya?
Chikungunya virus is primarily transmitted to people through the bite of an infected mosquito, mainly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. People are the primary host of chikungunya virus during epidemic periods. Mosquitoes become infected when they feed on a person who already has the virus.
Why India has no yellow fever?
Yellow Fever does not occur in India. The conditions for transmission of yellow fever are very conducive in India – presence of mosquito vectors in abundance and susceptible population. Government of India has been following a strict yellow fever vaccination programme to prevent the entry of yellow fever in India.
Can you catch West Nile twice?
Can a human get West Nile virus twice? Medical professionals don’t believe so. Like many other viruses, medical tests indicate that once a person has been infected with West Nile, he/she develops a natural immunity to future infection by the virus for life.
Can a dog get West Nile?
Dogs and cats can be infected with West Nile Virus through the bite of a mosquito, so minimizing their exposure to mosquitoes is recommended.