What is unique about the rotavirus?
A hallmark of viral-induced diarrhea that distinguishes it from bacterial-induced diarrhea is that little inflammation is seen in infected intestines. Rotavirus primarily infects intestinal villus enterocytes and crypt cells are spared (Figures.
Is the rotavirus vaccine 100% effective?
Vaccine Effectiveness and Duration of Protection Two clinical trials found Rotarix® to have 85 to 96% protection against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis through two rotavirus seasons (December through June). One study found Rotarix® to be 96% effective in reducing hospitalizations through two rotavirus seasons.
What was the issue with the 1991 rotavirus vaccine?
However, with widespread use of the rotavirus vaccine, the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) of the FDA and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) received reports that some vaccinees had experienced intussusception, a potentially life-threatening intestinal blockage.
Where is rotavirus most common?
Rotavirus infection is the leading cause of severe acute diarrhea among young children worldwide (1,2). An estimated 527,000 children aged <5 years die from rotavirus diarrhea each year, with >85% of these deaths occurring in low-income countries of Africa and Asia (3).
Which of the following is the common clinical feature of infection caused by rotavirus?
Rotavirus disease is characterized by vomiting and watery diarrhea for three to eight days. Fever and abdominal pain also are common. Additional symptoms include loss of appetite and dehydration. unusual sleepiness or fussiness.
Is one rotavirus vaccine enough?
CDC recommends that infants get rotavirus vaccine to protect against rotavirus disease. Two rotavirus vaccines are currently licensed for infants in the United States. Starting at 2 months old, infants should get two or three doses depending on the brand of rotavirus vaccine.
How many children died of rotavirus before the vaccine?
Rotavirus was the leading cause of severe diarrhea among infants and young children in the United States before rotavirus vaccine was introduced in 2006. 20 to 60 deaths.
When did rotavirus vaccine become standard?
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) approved a rotavirus vaccine for use in all infants in the United States in 2006.
Is the rotavirus vaccine still available?
There are two rotavirus vaccines licensed for use in infants in the United States: RotaTeq® (RV5), which is given in three doses at 2 months, 4 months, and 6 months of age. Rotarix® (RV1), which is given in two doses at 2 months and 4 months of age.
Who is at risk for rotavirus?
Children are most at risk for getting rotavirus disease. Among U.S. children, those in childcare centers or other settings with many young children are most at risk for infection. The most severe rotavirus disease occurs primarily among unvaccinated children aged 3 months to 3 years old.
How is Rota virus diagnosed?
How is rotavirus diagnosed? Rotavirus can be detected in stool specimens from children with gastroenteritis by several techniques, including electron microscopy, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, antigen detection assays, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and virus isolation.
What is the transmission of rotavirus?
The primary mode of transmission is the fecal-oral route, usually through direct contact between people. Because the virus is stable in the environment, transmission also can occur through ingestion of contaminated water or food and contact with contaminated surfaces or objects.
What country has the most rotavirus cases?
While the incidence of rotavirus infection in High-income and Low-Middle-Income-Countries is similar, 80% of deaths occur in developing countries. Four countries (India, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Democratic Republic of Congo) accounted for approximately half (49%) of all estimated rotavirus deaths in 2013.