What are the 3 main types of bloodborne pathogens?
Bloodborne pathogens and workplace sharps injuries. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are three of the most common bloodborne pathogens from which health care workers are at risk.
What are 4 common bloodborne diseases?
Bloodborne pathogens are microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria that are carried in blood and can cause disease in people. There are many different bloodborne pathogens, including malaria, syphilis, and brucellosis, and most notably Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C (HCV) and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
What bloodborne pathogen causes hepatitis B?
Bloodborne pathogens are microorganisms that are transmitted through the bloodstream. The viruses that cause Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human Immuno- deficiency Virus (HIV) are two examples of bloodborne pathogens.
What are the most common types of bloodborne pathogens?
The three most common bloodborne pathogens (BBPs) are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). This flyer is being sent to employers as an aid to understanding and complying with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Bloodborne Pathogens Standard.
What does HBV cause?
Having a chronic HBV infection can lead to serious complications, such as: Scarring of the liver (cirrhosis). The inflammation associated with a hepatitis B infection can lead to extensive liver scarring (cirrhosis), which may impair the liver’s ability to function. Liver cancer.
How can HBV infection be prevented?
Infection with the hepatitis B virus can be prevented if you get the hepatitis B vaccine and/or a shot called “HBIG” (hepatitis B immune globulin) as soon as possible after exposure to the virus, ideally within 24 hours.
What is bloodborne pathogen?
Bloodborne pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease and are present in human blood. They include but are not limited to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV).
Is HBV a pathogen?
The pathogens of primary concern are the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Workers and employers should take advantage of available engineering controls and work practices to prevent exposure to blood and other body fluids.
What is the best protection against HBV?
Testing & Vaccination
- The hepatitis B vaccine offers excellent protection against HBV.
- The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all children should receive hepatitis B vaccine starting at birth.
- The CDC recommends hepatitis B vaccine for persons traveling to countries where HBV is common (Yellow Book).
What are the two main sources of bloodborne pathogens?
The primary source of potential bloodborne pathogens is blood and specific bodily fluids, like semen and vaginal secretions. However, there are other bodily fluids that may contain bloodborne pathogens, especially if they are visibly contaminated with blood. Those sources include: Cerebrospinal fluid in the brain.
What is acute HBV?
Acute hepatitis B is a short-term illness that occurs within the first 6 months after someone is exposed to the hepatitis B virus. Some people with acute hepatitis B have no symptoms at all or only mild illness. For others, acute hepatitis B causes a more severe illness that requires hospitalization.
Is there a vaccine for HBV?
Hepatitis B vaccine is available for all age groups. The hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for all infants, all children or adolescents younger than 19 years of age who have not been vaccinated, all adults age 19 through 59 years, and adults age 60 years or older with risk factors for hepatitis B infection.
Which vaccine prevents hepatitis B infection?
Hepatitis B infection can be prevented by getting vaccine and HBIG (hepatitis B immune globulin) soon after coming into contact with the virus. Persons who have recently been exposed to HBV should get HBIG and vaccine as soon as possible and preferably within 24 hours, but not more than 2 weeks after the exposure.
How is hepatitis B transmitted?
Hepatitis B is spread when blood, semen, or other body fluids from a person infected with the virus enters the body of someone who is not infected. This can happen through sexual contact; sharing needles, syringes, or other drug-injection equipment; or from mother to baby at birth.
What are the 20 bloodborne pathogens?
Of the 20 bloodborne pathogens known to cause diseases such as malaria, syphilis, and hemorrhagic fever, there are three; hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that are the most common pathogens of concern.
What type of virus is HBV?
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a small DNA virus with unusual features similar to retroviruses. It is a prototype virus of the Hepadnaviridae family. Related viruses are found in woodchucks, ground squirrels, tree squirrels, Peking ducks, and herons.
How can HBV be prevented?
Can HBV spread through sweat?
HBV is not spread by eating food prepared by someone who is infected. Transmission through tears, sweat, urine, stool, or droplet nuclei are not likely either.
What are 4 ways that a bloodborne pathogen can be transmitted?
Bloodborne pathogens are most commonly transmitted through:
- Accidental puncture from contaminated needles, broken glass, or other sharps.
- Contact between broken or damaged skin and infected body fluids.
- Contact between mucous membranes and infected body fluids.
- Sexual Contact.
- Sharing of hypodermic needles.
How Serious Is HBV?
Hepatitis B is a serious liver infection that causes inflammation (swelling and reddening) that can lead to liver damage. Hepatitis B, also called HBV and Hep B, can cause cirrhosis (hardening or scarring), liver cancer and even death.
What is the difference between acute and chronic hepatitis B?
When a person is first infected with the hepatitis B virus, it is called an “acute infection” (or a new infection). Many people are able to naturally get rid of an acute infection. If the infection persists for more than 6 months, it is considered a “chronic infection.”
How is HBV preventable?
Vaccination is the main prevention method against hepatitis B infection. The hepatitis B vaccines currently available are inexpensive, safe and effective. They protect against hepatitis B in more than 95% of healthy infants, children and young adults.
Who gets HBV vaccine?
Who is most at risk of hepatitis B?
Who’s at Risk for Hepatitis B? Learning the Hep B Basics
- Health care providers and emergency responders due to the nature of their work and potential for exposure.
- Sexually active heterosexuals (more than 1 partner in the past six months)
- Men who have sex with men (MSM)