What is the pathway of the hypoglossal nerve?
The hypoglossal nerve starts in the base of the brain near the top of the spinal cord (brain stem). Before reaching the tongue, it: Travels down the spinal cord to the cervical plexus. This complex nerve network enables sensation and movement in the neck and trunk.
Where is hypoglossal nerve located?
The Hypoglossal Nerve is the 12th Cranial Nerve (Cranial Nerve XII). It is mainly an efferent nerve for the tongue musculature. The nerve originates from the medulla and travels caudally and dorsally to the tongue.
What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve?
The hypoglossal nerve supplies all of the motor function to your tongue. It’s the 12th cranial nerve. 1 Damage to this nerve can affect speech, chewing, and swallowing. The prefix hypo is of Greek origin and means “under.” Glossal, also from the Greek, mean “tongue.”
Is hypoglossal nerve sensory or motor?
somatic motor
The hypoglossal nerve is responsible for most of the movements in the tongue. These originate in the medulla oblongata and move down into the jaw, reaching the tongue. This nerve is of the general somatic motor modality.
What part of brain controls tongue?
There is an area in the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere called Broca’s area. It is next to the region that controls the movement of facial muscles, tongue, jaw and throat.
What passes through the hypoglossal canal?
Hypoglossal nerves (XII) is only motor, controlling tongue movements. These nerves originate in the motor nuclei of the medulla, passing through the hypoglossal canals of the occipital bone, to reach the tongue muscles. Each hypoglossal nerve exits the cranium and curves, reaching the skeletal tongue muscles.
What controls the tongue?
The hypoglossal nerve is a motor nerve, and it controls the muscles of the tongue that allow for speech and swallowing. The tongue’s extrinsic muscles help it move in different directions, while the intrinsic muscles help it make movements such as curling.
What causes hypoglossal nerve injury?
Hypoglossal nerve disorders may be caused by tumors, strokes, infections, injuries, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. People with hypoglossal nerve disorder have difficulty speaking, chewing, and swallowing. Doctors usually do magnetic resonance imaging and/or a spinal tap to identify the cause. The cause is treated.
What causes tongue nerve damage?
Hypoglossal nerves can be damaged unilaterally by a multitude of causes especially, tumors, infection, or trauma. The concept of trauma includes surgical trauma as with carotid endarterectomy (surgery to remove the plaques from the carotid artery). Rare bilateral lesions can be the result of radiation therapy.
What causes nerve damage in tongue?
Damage to the lingual nerve occurs most commonly when removing a wisdom tooth, also known as the third molar, in the lower jaw. This can lead to a feeling of numbness, a prickling sensation, and sometimes a change in how food or drink tastes.
Where is hypoglossal in foramen?
occipital bone
The hypoglossal canal is a foramen in the occipital bone of the skull. It is hidden medially and superiorly to each occipital condyle. It transmits the hypoglossal nerve….
Hypoglossal canal | |
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Occipital bone. Inner surface. | |
Details | |
Part of | occipital bone |
System | skeletal |
What bone is hypoglossal canal located in?
the occipital bone
Hypoglossal Nerve It emerges from the skull through the hypoglossal canal in the occipital bone. As it emerges it is medial to the internal jugular vein, internal carotid artery, and cranial nerves IX, X, and XI.
What happens when left hypoglossal nerve is damaged?
Damage to the hypoglossal nerve causes paralysis of the tongue. Usually, one side of the tongue is affected, and when the person sticks out his or her tongue, it deviates or points toward the side that is damaged.
Can nerve damage in the tongue be repaired?
Surgery can be done either by directly repairing/suturing the ends of the injured nerve back together (Fig 2) or by using special tubes or scaffolds that help guide the nerve endings to grow and connect properly (Fig 3). Both techniques have shown very good results with functional sensory recovery after an injury.
Can the hypoglossal nerve be repaired?
Repair of Hypoglossal Nerve Injury Similar to facial nerve repairs, the ideal management involves establishment of a tension-free anastomosis (Avitia & Osborne, 2008). Although this is preferably performed with end-to-end anastomosis if possible, the use of interposition grafts can be used.
Which of the following symptoms would you associate with damage to the hypoglossal nerve?
Symptoms of Hypoglossal Nerve Disorders As a result, people have difficulty speaking, chewing, and swallowing. Damage due to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis causes tiny, subtle twitching movements (fasciculations) on the surface of the tongue.
Can nerve damage in mouth be repaired?
While most nerve damages are always accidental, negligence by a dentist during a dental procedure can also result in dental nerve damage. With treatment, dental nerve damage can heal in six to eight weeks.
What foramen does hypoglossal nerve exit?
The hypoglossal nerve passes through the dura by itself, the ninth, tenth and eleventh nerves pass through the dura together to enter the jugular foramen. Nerves nine, ten and eleven leave through this part of the jugular foramen. The hypoglossal nerve leaves through this opening, the hypoglossal canal.
On which skull bone is the hypoglossal canal?
The hypoglossal canal is a foramen in the occipital bone of the skull. It is hidden medially and superiorly to each occipital condyle.
What does nerve damage to tongue feel like?
Damage to the lingual nerve occurs most commonly when removing a wisdom tooth, also known as the third molar, in the lower jaw. This can lead to a feeling of numbness, a prickling sensation, and sometimes a change in how food or drink tastes. It may only affect one side of the tongue, or extend to the lips and chin.
How long do tongue nerves take to heal?
Since a lingual nerve injury affects speaking and tasting, it can affect your daily life. The good news is that a majority of lingual nerve injuries are temporary. After eight weeks, approximately 90 percent of the injuries heal on their own.
What are the symptoms of hypoglossal nerve damage?
If your hypoglossal nerve has been damaged, it may affect how you move your tongue. This can, in turn, affect your speech, chewing, and swallowing, making the tongue feel like it’s twitching. Sometimes, a person could even experience slurred speech or feel as though they’re choking when eating or drinking.
How does a dentist treat nerve damage?
Surgery. There are several surgical procedures that can be done to treat dental nerve damage. Most of these surgical procedures work by reducing pressure on the pain, causing nerves, or by cutting pain signals that are relayed to the brain. One such procedure is necrolysis, which can be done internally or externally.