What is endoplasmic reticulum and its function?
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large, dynamic structure that serves many roles in the cell including calcium storage, protein synthesis and lipid metabolism. The diverse functions of the ER are performed by distinct domains; consisting of tubules, sheets and the nuclear envelope.
Where is endoplasmic reticulum located?
cytoplasm
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of membrane-enclosed tubules and sacs (cisternae) that extends from the nuclear membrane throughout the cytoplasm (Figure 9.1). The entire endoplasmic reticulum is enclosed by a continuous membrane and is the largest organelle of most eukaryotic cells.
Are endoplasmic reticulum in plant and animal cells?
Endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle found in both eukaryotic animal and plant cells.
What are the 5 functions of endoplasmic reticulum?
The endoplasmic reticulum performs the following functions:
- It is responsible for the production and secretion of steroid hormones.
- It is also responsible for the synthesis of essential lipids such as phospholipids and cholesterol.
- It is responsible for the metabolism of carbohydrates.
What are the 2 types of endoplasmic reticulum?
Spreading throughout some cells, the ER becomes flattened into thin pancakes called lamellae, which are very prominent in cells carrying out a lot of protein synthesis. Under the electron microscope, it is possible to distinguish two types of endoplasmic reticulum: rough and smooth.
What is endoplasmic reticulum made of?
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is composed of a membrane-bound and interconnected network of flattened tubular structures. They are present in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. ER with ribosomes on the surface are known as rough endoplasmic reticulum and are involved in the protein synthesis.
Do animal cells have ER?
Abstract. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in animal cells is an extensive, morphologically continuous network of membrane tubules and flattened cisternae.
What are the types of ER?
The ER can be classified in two functionally distinct forms: the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER).
What are the two main functions of endoplasmic reticulum?
What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?
The most basic difference between RER and SER is the presence of ribosomes. When ribosomes attach to the surface of an ER, it gives a characteristic rough appearance; hence it is called Rough ER. On the other hand, a smooth ER does not have ribosomes on its surface. It possesses ribosomes attached to its membrane.
What is endoplasmic reticulum in short answer?
endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in biology, a continuous membrane system that forms a series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and serves multiple functions, being important particularly in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins .
Do plant cells have rer?
RER occurs in both animal and plant cells. The RER membrane is continuous with the nuclear envelope, which surrounds the cell nucleus. The RER is also located near the Golgi apparatus, which transports, modifies, and packages proteins for delivery to targeted destinations.
Is endoplasmic reticulum present in mammals?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is found in a variety of cell types (both animal and plant), and it serves different functions in each.
What are the 2 types of ER and what do they do?
The endoplasmic reticulum can either be smooth or rough, and in general its function is to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function. The rough endoplasmic reticulum has on it ribosomes, which are small, round organelles whose function it is to make those proteins.
What is the structure of ER?
The endoplasmic reticulum is the largest single structure in eukaryotic cells. It consists of a range of interconnected shapes, including sheets and tubules, and comprises a lumen enclosed by a membrane that is continuous with the membrane that surrounds the nucleus of the cell (Figure 1).
What’s the difference between RER and SER?
The main difference between the SER and RER is the presence of ribosomes, as SER does not consist of ribosomes but RER consists of ribosomes.
What is endoplasmic reticulum Ncert?
The large network of membranous sheets and tubes is called endoplasmic reticulum. They are filled with fluids and carries materials throughout the cell due to which it is also called transport system of the cell. It transports materials between the regions of cytoplasm or between the cytoplasm and nucleus.
Are smooth ER and rough ER connected?
Rough and smooth ER are typically connected to one another so that the proteins and membranes made by the rough ER can freely move into the smooth ER for transport to other parts of the cell.
What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER What is the ER doing that is different in each case?
Rough ER provides proteins and lipids for the Golgi apparatus. Smooth ER provides vesicles for the cis-face of the Golgi apparatus. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is mostly associated with the production, modification, and transfer of proteins.