What are the three types of conjunctiva?
The conjunctiva can be divided into three regions: the palpebral or tarsal conjunctiva, the bulbar or ocular conjunctiva, and the conjunctival fornices. The palpebral conjunctiva is further divided into the marginal, tarsal, and orbital regions. The bulbar conjunctiva is divided into scleral and limbal parts.
What type of epithelium covers the conjunctiva?
The conjunctiva consists of unkeratinized, both stratified squamous and stratified columnar epithelium, with interspersed goblet cells. The epithelial layer contains blood vessels, fibrous tissue, and lymphatic channels. Accessory lacrimal glands in the conjunctiva constantly produce the aqueous portion of tears.
What types of pathological processes of conjunctiva do you know?
Conjunctivitis can be subdivided into several broad categories, such as acute and chronic, papillary and follicular, infectious and noninfectious, membranous and pseudomembranous, granulomatous, and cicatrizing.
What is Anatomy of conjunctiva?
The conjunctiva is a thin, transparent tissue that covers the outer surface of the eye. It consists of two continuous parts, one on the inner surface of the eyelid (the tarsal conjunctiva) and the other over the sclera (the bulbar conjunctiva). These are outlined in the drawing as a thin, pink line.
What is the bulbar conjunctiva?
Bulbar conjunctiva: That part of the conjunctiva, a clear membrane of the eye, which covers the outer surface of the eye. The other part of the conjunctiva is the palpebral conjunctiva, which lines the inside of the eyelids. The bulbar conjunctiva is also called the ocular conjunctiva.
How do you describe conjunctiva?
The conjunctiva is the clear, thin membrane that covers part of the front surface of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. It has two segments: Bulbar conjunctiva. This portion of the conjunctiva covers the anterior part of the sclera (the “white” of the eye).
What is pathophysiology of conjunctivitis?
Conjunctivitis is defined as inflammation of bulbar and/or palpebral conjunctiva. Conjunctivitis has many etiologies, but the majority of cases can be caused by allergies or infection. Infective conjunctivitis is an infection of the conjunctiva either caused by viruses or bacteria.
What is the physiology of conjunctiva?
The conjunctiva of the fornix is continuous with the skin and lies between bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva (Fig. 4.3). It contains a nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium that is typically three layers thick. The superficial layer is cylindrical, the middle layer is polyhedral, and the deep layer is cuboidal.
How many types of conjunctiva are there?
There are three main types of conjunctivitis: allergic, infectious and chemical.
Is bulbar conjunctiva transparent?
Bulbar conjunctiva: That part of the conjunctiva, a clear membrane of the eye, which covers the outer surface of the eye.
How would you describe the conjunctiva on a physical exam?
The conjunctiva on the eyeball should be equally white in both eyes. The conjunctiva lining the inner eyelid of the lower lid may be inspected by gently pulling down the lid with a finger. The conjunctiva lining the upper lid can only be observed by everting the upper lid as shown in Figure 114.1.
What pathogen causes conjunctivitis?
Most cases of pink eye are typically caused by adenovirus but can also be caused by herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, and various other viruses, including the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
How can you tell the difference between viral and bacterial conjunctivitis?
Eye doctors have a few tricks. Viral pink eye usually starts in one eye following a cold or respiratory infection and causes watery discharge. Bacterial pink eye can affect one or both eyes and usually starts with a respiratory or ear infection. The discharge tends to be thick and makes the eyes stick together.
What is the pathophysiology of conjunctivitis?
What causes changes in conjunctiva tissue?
A pinguecula is caused by changes in your conjunctiva tissue. These changes have been linked to irritation caused by sun exposure, dust, and wind, and are more common as we age. These bumps or growths may contain a combination of protein, fat, or calcium, or a combination of the three.
What is bulbar conjunctiva?
Listen to pronunciation. (BUL-bar kun-JUNK-tih-VY-tis) A condition in which the thin layer of tissue that covers the sclera (the white part of the eye) becomes inflamed. The cause is usually not known, but it may occur with certain inflammatory conditions, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
How do you describe bulbar conjunctiva?
A condition in which the thin layer of tissue that covers the sclera (the white part of the eye) becomes inflamed. The cause is usually not known, but it may occur with certain inflammatory conditions, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
What nerve supplies bulbar conjunctiva?
The supraorbital nerve travels along the orbital midline and exits superomedially with the supraorbital artery to supply the conjunctiva and skin of the central two-thirds of the upper eyelid. The supraorbital nerve supplies additional sensation to the forehead and scalp.
How do you describe normal conjunctiva?
Normal: In a normal patient, the sclera is white in color and the palpebral conjunctiva appears pink. Unless conjunctiva is diseased you are only visualizing sclera and palpebral vascular bed through the translucent conjunctiva.
What antibiotic is best for conjunctivitis?
For moderate and severe bacterial conjunctivitis, the latest fluoroquinolones, including moxifloxacin, besifloxacin, and levofloxacin, are generally effective….The following are older topical antibiotics that remain efficacious:
- Gentamicin.
- Tobramycin.
- Neomycin.
- Ciprofloxacin.
- Ofloxacin.
- Gatifloxacin.
- Erythromycin.
- Bacitracin.
Is conjunctivitis bacterial or viral?
Viral and bacterial conjunctivitis Most cases of pink eye are typically caused by adenovirus but can also be caused by herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, and various other viruses, including the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).