How do T cells recognize tumor antigens?
Cytotoxic T cells recognize, via their T cell receptors (TCRs), small antigenic peptides presented by the major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) on the surface of professional antigen-presenting cells and infected or malignant cells.
What are the types of tumor antigens?
Importance of tumor antigens
| Tumor antigen | Tumor in which it is found | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Alphafetoprotein (AFP) | Germ cell tumors Hepatocellular carcinoma | |
| Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) | Bowel cancers | Occasional lung or breast cancer |
| CA-125 | Ovarian cancer | |
| MUC-1 | Breast cancer |
How do T cells Recognise Tumour cells?
Once the CD8+ T cells are activated, they are competent to recognize and kill host tumor cells presenting the nonmutated self peptide. These results show that T cells recognizing a self antigen are capable of killing tumor cells presenting the self antigen following activation with the mutated form of the antigen.
Which antigen is expressed by tumor cells?
Tumor-associated antigens (TAA), which have elevated levels on tumor cells, but are also expressed at lower levels on healthy cells.
What is tumor-associated antigen TAA?
Tumor-associated antigen (TAA) refers to antigen molecules present on tumor cells or normal cells, including embryonic proteins, glycoprotein antigens, squamous cell antigens, etc., which have been widely used for treating a number of tumors.
Are tumour antigens self antigens?
Some examples of tumor-specific antigens include viral antigens (non-self), cancer testis antigens, and melanoma associated antigens (altered-self, with respect to limited expression in normal cells). Antigens from each of these groups are in the advanced stages of vaccine development.
How do T cells recognize tumor cells?
T cells, which are immune cells crucial for rejecting tumors, use their TCRs to recognize short antigenic peptides bound to MHC-I and -II molecules on the surface of host APCs.
Which types of protein can function as tumor antigens?
Tumor-associated antigens (TAA) can derive from any protein or glycoprotein synthesized by the tumor cell. TAA proteins can reside in any subcellular compartment of the tumor cell; ie, they may be membrane-bound, (more…)
What is the nature of tumor antigens?
Three types of tumour antigens have the potential to elicit immune responses that are strictly tumour specific: viral antigens, antigens that result from a mutation or a rearrangement of a gene-coding sequence and antigens that are encoded by cancer-germline genes (Fig.
What is TAA immunology?
What is the difference between a tumor-specific antigen TSA and a tumor-associated antigen TAA )?
Tumor-specific antigens (TSA), found on cancer cells only, not on healthy cells. Tumor-associated antigens (TAA), which have elevated levels on tumor cells, but are also expressed at lower levels on healthy cells.
Which is a tumor-associated antigen?
Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are relatively restricted to tumor cells. Tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) are unique to tumor cells. TSAs and TAAs typically are portions of intracellular molecules expressed on the cell surface as part of the major histocompatibility complex.
What is the difference between tumor-associated antigen and tumor specific antigen?
While tumor-specific antigens (TSA) are exclusively expressed in tumor cells, tumor-associated antigens (TAA) are present on not only tumor cells but also some normal cells. TSA is characterized by alphafetoprotein (AFP) in Germ cell tumors and Hepatocellular carcinoma.