What is TNM staging of breast cancer?
The tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging system for breast cancer is an internationally accepted system used to determine the disease stage. This disease stage is used to determine prognosis and guide management.
What is M category in TNM system?
In the TNM system: The T refers to the size and extent of the main tumor. The main tumor is usually called the primary tumor. The N refers to the the number of nearby lymph nodes that have cancer. The M refers to whether the cancer has metastasized.
How is TNM staging calculated?
In the TNM system, the overall stage is determined after the cancer is assigned a letter or number to describe the tumor (T), node (N), and metastasis (M) categories. T describes the original (primary) tumor. N tells whether the cancer has spread to the nearby lymph nodes.
What does Y mean in tumor staging?
y: clinical (yc) or pathological (yp) data following systemic or radiation therapy be it prior to surgery or as a primary treatment. r: clinical or pathological staging at the time of retreatment or recurrence for disease progression.
What does T2N1M0 mean?
M1 Distant metastasis. For example a patient described as a T2N1M0, has a primary tumor of between 2 and 4 cm, that has metastasized to a single node on one side, and that node is less than 3cm in size, and there are no distant metastases present.
What is Y in TNM staging?
y: stage assessed after chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy; in other words, the individual had neoadjuvant therapy. r: stage for a recurrent tumor in an individual that had some period of time free from the disease.
How many different categories of application are present in TNM?
Each individual aspect of TNM is termed as a category: T category describes the primary tumour site and size. N category describes the regional lymph node involvement. M category describes the presence or otherwise of distant metastatic spread.
What does t3 n1 m0 mean?
TNM system For example your diagnosis may be ‘T3N1M0’. This means the cancer has grown into the outer lining of the bowel to up to three nearby lymph nodes, but has not spread to other parts of the body. You will sometimes see the TNM staging report written with a lower case letter in front of it.
What does Y mean in TNM staging?
How do you write TNM staging?
What does the P mean in pT3?
p (for “pathological”) means that removed tissue was tested in a laboratory, and that the diagnosis was made based on the results of that test. r (for “recurrence”) means that a tumor has returned. R means that remaining cancer tissue was found after treatment.
What stage is a T3 tumor?
T3 means the tumour has grown into the outer lining of the bowel wall but has not grown through it. T4 is split into 2 stages, T4a and T4b: T4a means the tumour has grown through the outer lining of the bowel wall and has spread into the tissue layer (peritoneum) covering the organs in the tummy (abdomen)