How do you get subgingival plaque?
Abstract
- Background: The collection of subgingival plaque samples with paper points is time-consuming and accident-sensitive.
- Methods: In 50 patients with periodontitis, subgingival plaque was sampled from the deepest pocket of each quadrant by using paper points and by gaining saliva with saline mouthrinse.
What is subgingival plaque?
Supragingival plaque is bacteria adherent above the gingiva, whereas bacteria below the gingiva is called subgingival plaque. Growth in supragingival plaque mass results from nutrients obtained from ingested simple carbohydrates (glucose), lactic acid and other plaque components.
What is subgingival?
The term subgingival refers to something that occurs or exists under the gums. This particularly applies to anything occurring or being in the crevice between the root or neck of a tooth and the gum margin.
What is sub gingival calculus?
Subgingival calculus forms just below the gumline and is usually dark in color from the presence of black-pigmented bacteria. The bacteria cells are coated in a layer of iron obtained from heme which occurs during gingival bleeding.
What type of microbial pathogens are found in subgingival calculus?
Subgingival dental biofilm/plaque contains more Gram negative anaerobic bacilli and spirochetes than supragingival dental biofilm/plaque (aerobic Gram positive, facultative anaerobes and capnophilic bacteria).
How do you prepare for subgingival?
Subgingival preparation limit – Step by step
- I perform a juxtagingival preparation.
- I place the first cord that retracts half of the sulcus.
- I replace the limit of the preparation from supragingival to juxtagingival.
- I place the second cord for HORIZONTAL retraction.
- I remove the second cord for the impression.
Where is the subgingival area?
Subgingival plaque is found below the gingival margin, between the tooth and the gingival sulcular tissue. The different regions of plaque are significant to different processes associated with diseases of the teeth and periodontium.
What does subgingival calculus look like?
Subgingival calculus refers to calculus below the crest of the marginal gingiva which is not readily visible upon oral examination. It is usually dense and hard, dark- brown or green-black in color, flint-like in consistency, flattened in shape, and firmly attached to the tooth sur face ( s ) .
What types of instruments would be used to remove the subgingival calculus?
Ultrasonic instruments. Ultrasonic instruments are the principle treatment modality for removing plaque and calculus. These power-driven instruments oscillate at very high speeds, causing micro vibrations that aid in calculus and subgingival plaque removal.
What bacteria are found in plaque?
These accumulations subject the teeth and gingival tissues to high concentrations of bacterial metabolites, which result in dental disease. The dominant bacterial species in dental plaque are Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mutans, both of which are considered responsible for plaque.
Why is plaque called calculus?
Dental plaque is not the sole cause of periodontitis; however it is many times referred to as a primary aetiology. Plaque that remains in the oral cavity long enough will eventually calcify and become calculus.
What is subgingival margin?
Subgingival margins very often mean bleeding gums, isolation problems, and the absence of a margin in enamel. With direct restorations, when margins are subgingival, placement of a matrix band, achieving isolation, and removing any excess material all become considerably more complex.
What is gingival margin?
The free gingival margin is the area located between the sulcular epithelium and the epithelium of the oral cavity. This interface exists at the most coronal point of the gingiva, which is also known as the crest of the marginal gingiva. The gingival margin (F) is the most coronal point of the gingiva.
What are the stages of plaque formation?
Distinct stages in plaque formation include: acquired pellicle formation; reversible adhesion involving weak long-range physico-chemical interactions between the cell surface and the pellicle, which can lead to stronger adhesin-receptor mediated attachment; co-adhesion resulting in attachment of secondary colonizers to …
What is the Colour of subgingival calculus?
Subgingival calculus is most often brown, black or green in color from its chronic exposure to gingival crevicular fluid, blood and blood breakdown products. It is frequently associated with the development of the pyogenic granuloma, an epulis-like lesion on the gingiva.
What is the most accurate method of subgingival calculus detection?
In vitro results for calculus detection using ultrasound-based compared with tactile probing showed that the ultrasound-based is superior.
How is subgingival calculus removed?
What is the purpose of plaque?
Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on teeth. Bacteria in plaque produce acids after you eat or drink. These acids can destroy tooth enamel and cause cavities and gingivitis (gum disease). Plaque can also develop under the gums on tooth roots and break down the bones that support teeth.
What is subgingival and supragingival calculus?
Tartar that accumulates on your teeth above the gumline and is easily seen by your dentist or dental hygienist is called supragingival calculus, according to the IJDHS article. But the tartar that forms below the gumline — and is therefore not immediately visible — is known as subgingival calculus.
What is the probing depth?
The distance measured from the base of the pocket to the most apical point on the gingival margin. It dictates the patient’s ability to maintain optimal plaque control.
What is difference between marginal gingiva and free gingiva?
How is subgingival plaque analysis performed in periodontitis?
Methods: In 50 patients with periodontitis, subgingival plaque was sampled from the deepest pocket of each quadrant by using paper points and by gaining saliva with saline mouthrinse. Analysis was performed using a commercially available polymerase chain reaction test for 11 periodontal pathogens.
Is the collection of subgingival plaque with paper points with saliva time-consuming?
Background: The collection of subgingival plaque samples with paper points is time-consuming and accident-sensitive. However, the collection of saliva is simple and contains pathogens of all intraoral surfaces.
Is salivary analysis a future diagnostic method for periodontitis?
However, recently, salivary analysis has been discussed as an advantageous future diagnostic method for periodontitis because it offers simple quantitative sampling and the possibility to assess various bacteria.
Is the detection of special bacterial species in periodontitis useful?
Background: The detection of special bacterial species in patients with periodontitis is considered to be useful for clinical diagnosis and treatment. The collection of subgingival plaque samples is the common way for the determination of periodontopathic bacteria.