What is extraperitoneal rupture?
Extraperitoneal rupture is the most common type of bladder injury, accounting for ~85% (range 80-90%) of cases. It is usually the result of pelvic fractures or penetrating trauma. Cystography reveals a variable path of extravasated contrast material. Treatment is with an indwelling Foley catheter.
Is bladder extraperitoneal or intraperitoneal?
The bladder is an extraperitoneal muscular urine reservoir located anatomically in the pelvic space behind the pubic symphysis. The proximity to bony structures of the pelvis predisposes this organ to injury.
Which part of bladder is Extraperitoneal?
Gross hematuria with normal cystography in the absence of upper tract injuries defines bladder contusion. Extraperitoneal injury is the most common bladder injury. Usually it is located at the bladder base. Extraperitoneal injuries can be managed conservatively with bladder drainage with a Foley catheter for 7–10 days.
Which imaging study is the best to use to detect a bladder injury?
Cystography. The historical standard for imaging suspected bladder injury is well-performed cystography. Although the ideal examination is performed under fluoroscopy, clinical circumstances often do not permit this. In such cases, plain film cystography is performed.
What is a cystography test?
Cystography is an imaging test that can help diagnose problems in your bladder. It uses X-rays. They may be X-ray pictures or fluoroscopy, a kind of X-ray “movie.” During cystography, the healthcare provider will insert a thin tube called a urinary catheter and inject contrast dye into your bladder.
Which portion of the bladder is intraperitoneal?
Usually it is located at the bladder base. Extraperitoneal injuries can be managed conservatively with bladder drainage with a Foley catheter for 7–10 days. Intraperitoneal bladder ruptures usually occur at the bladder dome, caused by a blunt trauma in a distended bladder.
What is a CT cystography?
CT cystography is a variation of the traditional fluoroscopic cystogram. Instead of anterograde opacification of the urinary collecting system (as with CT urography), contrast is instilled retrograde into the patient’s bladder, and then the pelvis is imaged with CT.
What is the difference between extraperitoneal and retroperitoneal?
The vertebrae, aorta and inferior vena cava (IVC), and kidneys lie posterior to the peritoneum: they lie retroperitoneally. Extraperitoneal structures lie outside the peritoneal cavity. They have been lying outside the peritoneal cavity from the very beginning of the embryological development.
What is Paracolic?
Description. The paracolic gutters (paracolic sulci, paracolic recesses) are spaces between the colon and the abdominal wall. There are two paracolic gutters: The right lateral paracolic gutter. The left lateral paracolic gutter.
What is an ultrasound of the bladder called?
A renal (REE-nul) ultrasound uses sound waves to make images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
What is KUB ultrasound?
A KUB ultrasound is an examination requested by your doctor to evaluate the urinary tract (which includes the kidneys, ureters, and urinary bladder). In the male patient, the prostate gland is also scanned. A KUB Ultrasound may be requested: To look for changes in the bladder wall.
What is the difference between cystogram and Cystourethrogram?
A cystogram is a special x-ray examination of the urinary bladder. A urethrogram is a special x-ray examination of the urethra (pathway between the bladder and the opening where urine exits the body). This anatomy is visualized with the use of contrast media (x-ray dye).
What is a CMG test?
What is a Cystometry/Cystometrogram (CMG)? Cystometry, or cystometrogram, with a pressure flow study is part of urodynamic testing (or UDS). These tests measure how well the bladder functions. They help diagnose problems related to urine control.
What are the ureteric orifices?
The ureteric orifice is the slit of the ureter at the lumen of the urinary bladder. The ureter is a simple tubular organ. It consists of a tunica adventitia, the tunica muscularis, and a tunica mucosa. The mucosa of the ureter consists of transitional epithelium and its lumen has a characteristic star shape (Fig.
What is antegrade cystography?
Antegrade cystoscopy is performed through the suprapubic tract using a 19-F sheath and a 0° or 30° cystoscope lens. The cystoscope is maneuvered into the bladder neck and a 5-F ureteric catheter passed into the proximal urethra. This can be performed using the flexible endoscope also.
What is the difference between a CT scan and a cystogram?
What is the difference between primary and secondary retroperitoneal?
The classification of retroperitoneal organs divides primary and secondary retroperitoneal organs due to the embryonic development. The characteristic difference between them is that secondary retroperitoneal organs lost their mesentery during development, while the primary retroperitoneal organs never had mesentery.
What is Mesoappendix?
The mesoappendix is the portion of the mesentery connecting the ileum to the appendix. It may extend to the tip of the appendix. It encloses the appendicular artery and vein, as well as lymphatic vessels, nerves, and often a lymph node.
What is the transverse mesocolon?
The transverse mesocolon is a broad, meso-fold of peritoneum, which connects the transverse colon to the posterior wall of the abdomen.
What is a Cystography test?
What are the different types of bladder rupture?
Bladder rupture can be categorized into five types depending on the location and extent of the rupture: This is commonly seen but sometimes not classed as true rupture, since it involves an incomplete tear of the mucosa. Also known as interstitial rupture, this is rare. It is caused by a tear in the serosal surface.
What is a bladder ultrasound?
A bladder ultrasound is done when a doctor needs to closely examine the structure or function of your bladder. The bladder is a muscular sac that receives urine from your kidneys, stretching to hold the fluid until you release it during urination.
What do you need to know about urinary bladder rupture?
Urinary bladder rupture 1 Pathology. This is commonly seen but sometimes not classed as true rupture,… 2 Radiographic features. Traditional investigation for suspected bladder rupture was carried out… 3 Treatment and prognosis. Intraperitoneal rupture requires surgical repair while extraperitoneal injuries are…
How is CT cystography performed in the workup of bladder rupture?
CT cystography is performed by instilling water-soluble contrast into the bladder through a Foley catheter. It may be combined with standard CT to evaluate the upper tracts. An extraluminal position of a urinary catheter indicates bladder rupture, although, in an underfilled bladder, the tip of the catheter may falsely appear extraluminal.